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Obesity and sleep apnea syndrome
Havrdová, Kateřina ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Svačina, Štěpán (referee)
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated, complete or partial, obstructions of upper respiratory tract while asleep with accompanied apneic pauses. Interruption of ventilation and the subsequent waking reactions cause fragmented and low-quality sleep in the long term and the simultaneous decline in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin causes development of intermittent hypoxia, which leads to serious complications in patients with sleep apnea. One of the most important etiopathogenic factors in development of obstructive sleep apnea is obesity, mainly central and android obesity. It is estimated that obese patients with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 suffer from OSA in over 40-60 % cases and 70 % of patients with OSA are obese. According to current findings, both the maladies influence each other and form a positive feedback loop, which further complicates the whole situation. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to describe the relationship between obesity and obstructive sleep apnea on a set of patients, who were hospitalized in department D3 of III. Internal clinic of Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze (General university hospital in Prague) for suspicions for diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. The main tasks of the practical part of this thesis were to try to find a correlation...
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Cognitive and psychosocial sequelae following hypoxic brain injury.
Dostálová, Veronika ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Feketeová, Eva (referee)
Cognitive and psychosocial sequelae following hypoxic brain injury Abstract in English Hypoxic brain injury leads to neuronal necrosis and to other cerebral changes which may affect psychosocial functioning. Although the pathophysiology of cerebral hypoxia is multifactorial, and it is not possible to reliably describe the unified clinical picture of hypoxia patients, the most commonly described psychosocial consequences of cerebral hypoxia are cognitive impairment, increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. The aim of the present study is to characterize cognitive functioning and psychosocial changes of the patients exposing mild intermittent cerebral hypoxia (=chronic form of hypoxia, model of obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed by neurologist) and patients after severe one-time cerebral hypoxia (=acute form of hypoxia, model of cardiac arrest diagnosed by cardiologist). Regardless of the different etiology of particular hypoxia forms described in the theoretical part of the thesis, both forms may lead to neuronal death. In the experimental part we test a hypothesis comparing healthy individuals to patients with acute or chronic form of hypoxia in cognitive performance or anxiety and depressive symptoms. We document a decreased cognitive performance and higher level of state anxiety in a group of patients...
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Cognitive and psychosocial sequelae following hypoxic brain injury.
Dostálová, Veronika ; Bezdíček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šonka, Karel (referee) ; Feketeová, Eva (referee)
Cognitive and psychosocial sequelae following hypoxic brain injury Abstract in English Hypoxic brain injury leads to neuronal necrosis and to other cerebral changes which may affect psychosocial functioning. Although the pathophysiology of cerebral hypoxia is multifactorial, and it is not possible to reliably describe the unified clinical picture of hypoxia patients, the most commonly described psychosocial consequences of cerebral hypoxia are cognitive impairment, increased anxiety and depressive symptoms. The aim of the present study is to characterize cognitive functioning and psychosocial changes of the patients exposing mild intermittent cerebral hypoxia (=chronic form of hypoxia, model of obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed by neurologist) and patients after severe one-time cerebral hypoxia (=acute form of hypoxia, model of cardiac arrest diagnosed by cardiologist). Regardless of the different etiology of particular hypoxia forms described in the theoretical part of the thesis, both forms may lead to neuronal death. In the experimental part we test a hypothesis comparing healthy individuals to patients with acute or chronic form of hypoxia in cognitive performance or anxiety and depressive symptoms. We document a decreased cognitive performance and higher level of state anxiety in a group of patients...
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Physiotherapy as a way to improve adherence to CPAP therapy of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrom
Dvořáček, Martin ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Smolíková, Libuše (referee)
Author's first name and surname: Bc. Martin Dvořáček Title of the master thesis: Physiotherapy as a way to improve adherence to CPAP therapy of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrom Department: Department of physiotherapy Supervisor: Mgr. Petr Bitnar The year of presentation: 2018 Abstract: Obstructive sleep apnea is the most common type of sleeping disorder. It is characterized by an excessive daytime sleepiness, deficits of cognitive functions, serious cardiovascular issues and general decrease in the quality of life. The golden standard of the treatment is CPAP therapy. However the long-term disadvantage of this method is the low rate of patients adherence. The minimum requirements for CPAP machines usage are only met by approximately fifty percent of the patients. The presented thesis is divided into three main parts. Firstly, the positive effects of CPAP therapy such as reduction of excessive daytime sleepiness, improvement of cognitive functions and overall increase of life quality of the patients were reviewed. In the next part the relationship between the monitored factors and patients adherence to CPAP was investigated. Lastly, the desired increase of patients adherence to CPAP therapy was tested. Selected patients were divided into three different groups according to their therapeutical...
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Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Various Sleep Disorders
Vimmerová-Lattová, Zuzana ; Anders, Martin (advisor) ; Praško, Ján (referee) ; Šonka, Karel (referee)
Endocrine and Metabolic Aspects of Various Sleep Disorders MUDr. Zuzana Vimmerová Lattová Abstract: Recent epidemiological and experimental data suggest a negative influence of shortened or disturbed night sleep on glucose tolerance. However, no comparative studies of glucose metabolism have been conducted in clinical sleep disorders. Dysfunction of the HPA axis may play a causative role in some sleep disorders and in other sleep disorders it may be secondary to the sleep disorder. Moreover, dysfunction of the HPA axis is regarded as a possible causative factor for the impaired glucose sensitivity associated with disturbed sleep. However, data on HPA system activity in sleep disorders are sparse and conflicting. We studied 25 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients, 18 restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients, 21 patients with primary insomnia and compared them to 33 healthy controls. We performed oral glucose tolerance test and assessed additional parameters of glucose metabolism. The dynamic response of the HPA system was assessed by the DEX-CRH-test which combines suppression (dexamethasone) and stimulation (CRH) of the stress hormone system. Compared to controls, increased rates of impaired glucose tolerance were found in OSA (OR: 4.9) and RLS (OR: 4.7), but not in primary insomnia. In addition, HbA1c...
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